India before 2014 and after 2014

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India before 2014 and after 2014

India has undergone substantial transformations in various areas during the period leading up to and after 2014. In brief, below is an outline of the most prominent variations:

Adjustment of Economies

Before-2014: 
  • Rate of Growth: India had been growing economically but it was also struggling with high rates of inflation and huge budget deficits. 
  • Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Although there were some FDI inflows, they could not reach their full potential due to regulatory bottlenecks and uncertainties in policies.
  • The progress of infrastructure development was evident but held back by problems like project delays and lack of funds. 
  • India presented a tough place to do business according to many due to its complex regulatory frameworks and bureaucratic constraints.
After 2014: 
  • Growth Rate: Numerous economic reforms contributing to more rapid growth pushed the economy to higher levels, albeit with some fluctuations in its growth rate.
  • Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): The result was an increased inflow of foreign investments that were particularly directed towards the telecommunication and manufacturing sectors due to reforms aimed at making FDI policies friendlier.
  • Infrastructure: To advocate for much better urban as well as rural infrastructure the government introduced such programs as Smart Cities Mission, Bharatmala, and Sagarmala. 
  • Business Climate: To promote ease of doing business, measures such as Goods and Services Tax (GST) and Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) were put in place.

Governance and Policies

Before 2014:
  • Policy Environment: In terms of executing policies, India demonstrated a mixed-bag track record hence, sometimes ending up in consummate policy inertia. 
  • Corruption was one of the most prominent issues with multiple notable scams emerging. 
  • Social Welfare schemes existed but their implementation encountered numerous roadblocks which resulted in ineffectiveness.
After 2014: 
  • Policy Environment: Major changes were made by the government in taxation, labor laws, and financial inclusion policies (for example, GST, Jan Dhan Yojana). 
  • Corruption: This included strengthening anti-corruption laws through the introduction of direct benefit transfers to minimize wastages during subsidy distribution. 
  • Social Welfare: There was a need to shift attention to social welfare programs like Ayushman Bharat (health insurance) and Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (sanitation).
Foreign Policy 

Before 2014: 
  • Relations with Neighbors: India has had a complicated relationship with its neighbors, which is often characterized by tensions with Pakistan and China. 
  • Global Position: India was considered a regional power with increasing influence but was still in the process of cementing its global stature. 

After 2014: 
  • Relations with Neighbours: Increased efforts towards diplomacy with neighboring countries, although challenges still persist in relations with Pakistan and China. 
  • Global Position: Enhanced global engagement through initiatives such as the International Solar Alliance and active participation in forums like G20 and BRICS. Strengthened strategic partnerships with major powers such as the USA and Japan.

Technology and Its Effect on Digitalization 

Before 2014: 
  • Digital Infrastructure: Rural areas have limited internet accessibility, with little digital infrastructure. 
  • E-Governance: E-governance was in its infancy with some pilot projects that were not widely adopted.
After 2014: 
  • Digital Infrastructure: The Digital India initiative has resulted in a substantial boost leading to increased internet connectivity as well as mobile telephony. 
  • E-Governance: Major developments related to online government service delivery include digital payments, online identification systems (Aadhaar), and other forms of e-governance services among others.

Social and Cultural Aspects 

Before 2014: 
  • Social Problems: Chronic issues such as poverty, illiteracy, and the consistent gender gap with various initiatives trying to solve them. 
  • Cultural Dominance: Bollywood and cricket continue to be the major cultural exports.
Since 2014:
  • Social Issues: More and more initiatives are coming up to combat social problems like Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (for girls) and Skill India (vocational training). 
  • Cultural Influence: Greater emphasis has been placed on promoting Indian culture worldwide through various means including yoga, traditional medicine, and conservation of heritage.
Continuing to fight numerous obstacles that affect our current lifestyles, can be interpreted as attempts made by Indian leaders to optimize their people’s socio-economic conditions.

Frequently Ask Questions 

India’s economy has undergone tremendous changes since 2014. 

Up until that time, the nation enjoyed constant economic growth although faced with issues such as rampant inflation and budget deficits. However, reforms aimed at boosting growth received considerable attention in the years following 2014. These included the introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST) as well as an increase in Foreign Direct Investment or FDI inflow to enhance its economic base.

What major policy changes have been made from 2014 up to the present day? 

  • Before 2014: The land of policy was characterized by mixed signals, policy paralysis, and ineffective programs for social welfare. 
  • After 2014: Some of the remarkable reforms include GST, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) as well as Jan Dhan Yojana aimed at promoting financial inclusion, and Ayushman Bharat which focuses on providing health insurance.

For the past several years, how has the position and foreign policy of India changed on a global scale? 

  • Before 2014: India’s relations with its neighboring countries were intricate while it was yet to assert itself internationally. 
  • Post-2014: Initiatives such as the International Solar Alliance have heightened global involvement, along with reinforced strategic partnerships with nations such as the USA and Japan. Additionally, there is active participation in platforms like G20 and BRICS.

The key differences in technology and digitalization across these two periods are presented below: 

  • Before 2014: Insufficient digital structures and e-governance options were in their infancy.
  •  After 2014: There was a notable effort with the Digital India project that increased access to the internet and mobile network services. The range of e-governance services was widened as well as the scope for electronic payments.

What social initiatives and cultural changes were introduced after 2014? 

  • Before 2014: The country was faced with a series of never-ending problems with some major socio-economic issues such as poverty, illiteracy levels, and gender inequities among others. 
  • Research shows that in post 2014 era new programs have been initiated including Beti Bachao Beti Padhao which is focused on promoting girl child rights and education while Skill India focuses on the vocational capacities of the citizenry. More effort has also been put into international outreach for Indian cultural traditions including yoga practices or alternative medicare approaches among others.

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